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Introduction: Continuous procurement of various equipments in the hospitals is essential to keep up with global progress of healthcare services. In public sectors, procurement process largely depends on budget sanctions and also by a number of formal procedures and rules which leads to delayed procurement. With this prevalent scenario, the present study was carried out to evaluate the procurement of two major equipments in an apex tertiary care institute using Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). Objective: This study was done to evaluate the procurement of two major equipments using PERT in a tertiary care institute. Method: This study was conducted using Operational Research technique in an apex tertiary care institute i.e., medical college and hospital, in one of the North Eastern states of India. All the procurements related to equipments in that teaching hospital initiated in the financial year 2021 were listed. Out of them, two procurement files were selected by simple random sampling; procurement of Operating Table and Bio Safety cabinet Level – III. Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) was applied to calculate the possible reduction in time in the whole procurement process. Results: The present study showed that procurement of Operating table took 185 days where minimum 8 days could have been saved and procurement of Bio-Safety cabinet Level-III was completed by 702 days where minimum 196 days could have been saved. Conclusion: Application of PERT in this procurement evaluation process can play significant role by calculating critical path and predicting the possible delay.
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Background: Skin adnexal tumors (SAT) encompass a wide spectrum of benign and malignant tumors that differentiate toward one or more adnexal structures found in normal skin. Overall incidence of SATs is low yet they can be challenging to diagnose. Our study aims at analysis of histopathological spectrum of various SATs according to age, sex and anatomic locations along with histopathological features.Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 2 years from June 2017 to May 2019. All cases were retrieved from department registries and analyzed.Results: Out of the total 4013 biopsies, 25 cases were diagnosed as SATs comprising 44% of tumors with eccrine sweat gland differentiation followed by tumors showing hair follicle differentiation (32%), sebaceous differentiation (16%) and apocrine gland differentiation (8%). The age ranged from 4 years to 68 years and male: female ratio was 1:1.5. Most of the tumors were benign (84%) while only 16% were malignant. Pilomatricoma (19%) was the most common benign tumor while sebaceous carcinoma (75%) was the most common malignant tumor.Conclusions: Skin adnexal tumors are relatively rare neoplasm. Malignant cases are less common than benign ones. Histopathology is quite essential for diagnostic point of view.
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Retroperitoneal tumours are rare but diverse group of neoplasms that arise from the retroperitoneum, and account for 10% of all soft tissue tumours. Managing retroperitoneal tumours is challenging because they typically present at a relatively late stage, and are anatomically proximate to major vessels and vital organs. This study was carried out to find out different clinicopathological profiles of patients who presented with retroperitoneal tumours in our hospital during the tenure of this study.METHODSThis is an observational study. 25 patients with retroperitoneal tumours were studied. For statistical analysis, data was entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and then analysed with SPSS Version 25.0.RESULTSIn our study, we studied 25 patients with retroperitoneal tumours. Most of the patients were in the age group of 40-60 years (48.00%) with a mean age of 42 years and standard deviation of 15.0416. The most common presenting complaint (s) in the patient population attending our institution was abdominal lump and pain (40.00%) followed by pain (32%). Amongst the signs, 96% of the patients had an abdominal lump and 92% had tenderness. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed 16 homogeneous and 9 heterogeneous masses for which computed tomography (CT Scan W/A) was done for all 25 patients studied which depicted 19 homogeneous (solid or cystic) and 6 mixed primary retroperitoneal tumours. All patients underwent open surgery at our institute, but complete resection was possible in only 18 (72.00%) patients whereas 4 (16.00%) underwent a partial resection and 3 patients were inoperable. 17 cases are reported to be malignant (68.00%) with complete curative resection with margins free of tumour in 52.94% of them and 8 cases were benign (32.00%) and all of them were found to have clear margins. Among the malignant tumours, liposarcomas were the most common while neural tissue tumours were the most common benign type.CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of retroperitoneal tumours is maximum in the 5th decade of life, though it can occur in any age group. Symptoms of pain abdomen, abdominal lump should be properly evaluated to diagnose retroperitoneal tumours
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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), Acute Pancreatitis and Hypertriglyceridemia are an unusual and infrequent presentation of Diabetes. Hypertriglyceridemia leading to acute pancreatitis is most commonly encountered in poorly controlled Diabetics. In this case report we have described a young Type 1 Diabetic female presenting with Diabetic Ketoacidosis and hypertriglyceridemia induced Pancreatitis (HTIP). The proposed mechanism is triglyceride excess is hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase resulting in the formation of excess free fatty acids. Excess free fatty acids cause acinar cell injury and capillary leakage in pancreatic vascular beds. Hyperlipasemia frequently occurs in DKA without an underlying acute pancreatitis. Half of the patients with HTIP have falsely low or normal serum Amylase. Imaging is required to confirm the diagnosis of pancreatitis. So, high degree of suspicion is required to diagnose this unusual presentation of diabetes.
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On August 25, 2017, the military and paramilitary forces of Myanmar launched “clearance operations” against the Rohingya population in Rakhine state of Myanmar. In the resulting humanitarian crisis, a Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) report estimated that the number of deaths crossed 9000 within the first 31 days of these “operations”. In addition to mass murder, other atrocities including burning down of residences, torture, rape, kidnapping continued to be practised on the Rohingya living in Myanmar. Those who could escape, braved great risks to cross the border between Bangladesh and Myanmar to seek refuge in Cox’s Bazaar district of Bangladesh. Currently, the number of refugees living in temporary camps has crossed one million, and local and international agencies are attempting to support them with basic living amenities and medical care. Their physical and mental health status is a global concern calling for immediate action. The magnitude of violence has been much higher among the adolescent girls and women of reproductive age.
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The present study was aimed to explore the acute and sub chronic toxicity studies with orally administered ethanolic leave extract of Epipremnum aureum. For the acute toxicity study, the animals were divided into four groups and each group receives a dose of (50, 500, 2000) mg/kg except control group which receives only 1% CMC. They were observed for 14days for signs of toxicity. In case of sub chronic toxicity, the Sprague dawley rats were fed with ethanol extract (100, 600, and 1000) mg/kg per day for 28 days. The parameters measured include organ weight, biochemical test, haematological test and histopathological observations. Acute oral administration of Epipremnum aureum did not show any mortality, CNS and ANS toxicities. Similarly in subchronic toxicity studies, Epipremnum aureum did not show any visible signs of toxicity. There were also no significant differences between the control and extract treated groups in terms of their organ weight, haematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological examination did not reveal any remarkable and treatment related changes. A no-observed adverse-effect level for extract is 2000 mg/kg for rats under the conditions of this study. Hence, the extracts could be considered safe at the doses administered since they did not provoke toxic effect on the key organs examined and also did not alter any biochemical and haematological parameters.
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The study evaluated different mucoadhesive polymeric hydrogels for nasal delivery of penciclovir . Gels containing poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (PVP) were prepared with crosslinking achieved by irradiation with a radiation dose of 15 kGy being as efficient as 20 kGy. Gels containing chitosan and carbopol were also evaluated. The mucoadhesive properties of gels were measured by a modification of a classical tensile experiment, employing a tensile tester and using freshly excised sheep nasal mucosa. Considering the mucoadhesive force, chitosan gel and gel prepared with 3% PVP in presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 600 were the most efficient. The in vitro drug release depended on the gel composition. Higher release rates were obtained from PVP gels compared to chitosan or carbopol gels. The release rate of drug from PVP gels was increased further in presence of PEG or glycerol. Histopathological investigations proved that the PVP was a safe hydrogel to be used for mucosal delivery. The PEG in gel formulations caused less damages to the nasal mucosal compared to formulation containing glycerol.